As serial port communication is asynchronous, I figured out early on into my project involving communication with a RS 232 device that I will have to have a background thread constantly reading the port for data received. Now, I'm using IronPython (.NET 4.0) so I have access to the slick SerialPort class built into .NET. This lets me write code like this:
Serial Ru Net
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The error page will include the message, Your certificate contains the same serial number as another certificate issued by the certificate authority. Please get a new certificate containing a unique serial number. Error code: SEC_ERROR_REUSED_ISSUER_AND_SERIAL. This article describes the cause of this problem and how to work around it.
If you are confident that no attack has occurred, you can work around the problem by removing previously saved exceptions generated by the same server or device.Most likely the exception with the duplicate serial number will be on the Servers tab. Look for ones you've added; ignore the ones that list * as the server, which are global distrust entries added by Firefox.
While AmigaOS has "hi-level" capabilities to help debug problems (e.g. redirecting debug outputs to memory and displaying the log with DumpDebugBuffer or using serial redirection tools like Sashimi) it is sometimes still not enough. For example, there is no protection for areas like input and Intuition so we can get into a situation where the GUI is not operational but the OS is still working. Intuition, input and any other necessary components can crash and then the GrimReaper utility has no way to spawn itself. Meanwhile, the kernel, still can output debug information about the crash on serial.
To begin with, you should know that AmigaOS has 2 reapers. One is a user friendly utility from SYS:System called GrimReaper. The GrimReaper can be called a "hi-level" one. Another reaper is called Reaper which is a part of the kernel itself. The kernel's Reaper actually launches the user-friendly GrimReaper when a required. So, you can imagine that when things get nasty, the kernel's reaper not all the time can spawn a GrimReaper, but still can catch some information and output it to the serial. Visually, when such a nasty things happens and input and/or intuition die, you just see a "freeze" of the OS and may think that everything is freezes, while it not: you just can't operate with OS anymore as necessary parts of OS crashes, but OS itself still working and kernel's reaper already throw all the info into the serial.
That means that when you want to do some serious work and you need any way to catch your bugs and/or debug any of your problematic code, then serial debugging is the best and only one way. Of course it's still possible to hope that the system friendly GrimReaper will popup for you and that there will be nothing so hardcore which it will crash Intuition and "freeze" the OS but that's just not enough when it come to doing real work.
You may ask now why the serial port is used at all? Why not parallel or something else? Why does everyone keep telling you to use serial debugging as if there is nothing else you can connect a cable to? The answer is in simplicity and reliability. Serial was chosen because it is simple to transfer data, bit by bit, not like for example done with a parallel port. There are different interfaces which also can transfer information bit by bit (like Ethernet, Firewire and USB) but the standard serial port is common to all platforms and far less complex. Because of that it should come as no surprise that the old AmigaOS 3 which works on classic Amigas throw all the debug information via serial port as well. Today, we have different kinds of hardware, where for example USB is pervasive, but USB is more complex and still not as reliable for debugging purposes.
Serial ports (often called RS-232 but it's really RS-232C) have disappeared as a standard option on many user level computers and have been replaced by USB. You can still find many business level x86 motherboards with serial ports. There are solutions for PC hardware without a serial port like USB to serial converters but we will talk about that later. Right now, all we need to know is that all our PowerPC based Amigas, classic Amigas and even the AmigaOne-X1000 have a serial port and the AmigaOS kernel's reaper outputs debug information over that serial port.
The 25 pin one, which is usually called DB25, was the first one and is used on the classic Amigas. After some time, software was simplified to use only half of the pins and then 9 pin connector (usually called DB9 but in reality it is DE9) was created. While classic Amigas have the older serial connectors with 25 pins, the Pegasos2, X1000 and Sams all have 9 pin connectors. In general, it makes no differences for our purposes. This is just information in case you decide to build your cable from scratch.
In the good old days, when Modems/Teletypes were used to connect over the serial port, it was expected that one side is the Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (usually a computer/terminal) and the other side is Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) (usually a modem). One side which is an output on a DTE is an input on a DCE and vice versa. Because of that DCE can be connected to a DTE with a straight wired cable.
Today things are different. Terminals and modems have mostly disappeared and computers have the same kind of serial port that terminals used to have: DTE. As a result, we can't connect them with a straight, pin to pin cable because it will connect the data transfer pins (TX to TX and RX to RX) like it was when we connect a serial port with a modem and that will not work. The solution is to swap the data transfer wires: TX to RX. That's what is simply called a Null Modem Cable (though without ground connected which is always better to do).
Usually when you go into a shop and find a modem cable it is most often not a null modem cable. You need to ask for a null modem cable where the data pins have been crossed over. Visually, the cables look exactly the same. Only the wires inside are not cross over and thus it will not transfer any serial debug output.
In general, to create a basic null modem cable (that one, with "no hardware handshaking") it is enough to cross over pins 2 and 3 (RxD with TxD) and connect the ground pin. Even with such a simple null modem cable of just 3 wires, you will be able to output debug information and everything will work. You can of course build a cable with full handshaking and it will also work but the hardware may or may support it. For example, the X1000 does not support hardware handshaking and even if you have such a cable, the terminal software where you will capture your debug output you still need to choose the "no handshaking" option. Classic Amiga serial ports support hardware h handshaking. For example, AmigaExplorer from AmigaForever transfers data between Amiga and Windows computers via serial and handshaking helps in that case. So it's better to have a full-handshaking cable and to test it with your hardware. But if you need a null modem cable just for capturing debug output, a simple 3 wire null modem cable will allow up to 115200 and it's more than enough.
DB9 to DB9 serial cables are fairly easy to find in stores today but they are not likely to be null modem cables and you will need to work on them. DB25 are more rare and you may need to build a cable yourself. Just buy connectors and connect the necessary wires as shown above.
This section is important and interesting for anyone who works with AmigaOS. The reason is that it is more difficult to find x86 hardware (which most of us have use as a necessary part of life) with built-in serial ports. It is even more difficult to find a notebook with a serial port. The solution is to use commonly available USB to serial adapters. There are plenty of them from all sorts of different companies. Despite the fact that they are common, some adapters can be better than others. Although most will work without problems and in practice all of the tested ones works fine, you still may found some adapters which can give you some problems. The reason is that USB does not directly translate to serial and data must be buffered between the two while at the same time keeping accurate timing. There is software inside the adapters and more than one way to implement the necessary hardware buffering thus not all adapters are equal and some are better than others. For serious serial work, nothing beats an actual UART which is why they are still an available option on industrial, laboratory and business PCs.
After you have the USB to serial adapter connected in your system, everything will be the same as if you connected Serial with Serial. A null modem cable is still required or a "straight" cable with a null modem adapter.
You can connect serial to any port in a computer. You just need the correct adapter and cable. There are serial to USB (either purchased or made yourself), serial to Firewire adapters, serial to Ethernet, etc.
What I am trying to point here is that it does not matter how but you still need to make a real serial port in your system. USB to serial adapters are most popular because they are readily available, easy to find, inexpensive and well tested.
One of the best terminal software packages for x86 is PuTTY. You can get PuTTY from sgtatham/putty/download.html. Be sure that you get latest/full version because there are some stripped versions around with no support of serial connections. The normal version of PuTTY with working serial support will looks like this:
Whatever software is used, it is all about getting the debug data from your Amiga. Debug output is ASCII text data, so anything which can just grab information from your serial port and redirect it where you need it (console or file) will work. You can even write your own simple code which will receive data without the need for any terminal programs. But that's in theory, in practice it is better to use something which is already done. 2ff7e9595c
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